Umkhonto wesizwe
Phakathi komnyaka waka-1961, abaphathi be-ANC bahlangana ekgokgomejeni, bathatha isphetho sokobana batlame umkhonto wesizwe (MK) ukuze barhone ukulwisana kurhulumende webandlululo. UMandela bambeka bonyana aphathe. Isiphetho lesi saba nombandela ebalulekileko, ukuhlasela kuzokwenziwa emakhiweni, begodu akekho umuntu ongasilipholisa ozukubulawa.
Ekuthomeni lokho kwakususelwa enkolelweni zakaMahatma Gandhi zokungaphehli inturhu, kwesibili ekuboneni kwabo bonyana ukubulala abantu bebala elimhlophe kuzokusebenza ukugandelela ukusaba kwabo ukubuswa ngabanengi. Ngaphandle kwabambalwa, indlelabo le, bayigcina iminyaka emasumi amathathu.
Sele kubekwe imithetho emitjha uMandela wathatha ikhambo le-Africa yoke, ne-Britain nangale ngeSoviet Union. Urhulumende wayemgade bona uzombamba lokha nakabuyako, kodwana waphunyurha wabuya angakalindelwa, sekabuya avela ngeBotswana Abaphathi be-Brithain ebegade baphethe eBotswana, bazi iskhathi nendawo azokungena ngayo eSewula Africa, kodwana zange batjele bePitori.
Ngatjelwa lokhu, ngunogada omkhulu u-Gerry Forest , begodu ngamkholwa ngombana bengazi ngenkulumo ekhengaba nazo naye phambilini ukobanyana ube ngawathandi amapholisa weSewula Africa ,begodu ahloye nalaba bekasebenza nabo njengonogada ngemfundiso zabo.
Enye into ekhe yamkgabhudlha kulapha athi nakashayela eza-eSewula Africa ,ipholisa ebelisemgceleni lamlayela kobanyana avule ibhodi yekoloyi yakhe. Walibuza bonyana liqabanga bonyana ufihle uMandela ku-engine na?
UForrest walibuza sakutshima. NgoRhoboyi wonyaka ka1962 uMandela wabotjhwa aya e-Natal wabotjhelwa ukugcugcuzela ipi nokobana ukhambe waya kwamanye amazwe ngokungasimthetho.
Ukugwetjelwa e- Robben Island
Kwathi sele abotjhiwe kwahlaselwa e-Rivonia, amapholisa asebenzisa amadokede abufakazi abawathole lapho, yena nabanye asebenza nabo, bapharwa ngomlandu obudisi khulu, nokumlandu wokuzama ukuketula umbuso ngekani. Isigwebo sentambo besililifu elinzima phezu komlandu lo, begodu bekusatjwa bona bangathola sona.
Ngaphandle kwenqhubutjhwana zakarhulumende ezazikhona ezaqabanga bonyana ngeskhatheso bekukumandla woborhulumende bamazwe wangaphandle, enza bonyana ijaji ligwebe uMandela idilika jele. UMandela wasiwa e-Robben Island ibekuyintrogo ekulu njengomunye walaba abayi-1 400 nekuzimbotjhwa ezazibotjhwe lapho.
Urhulumende wala ukobana babonwe njengembotjhwa zepolotiki wakatelela bonyana bathole iingwebo ezifana nezamasela ajwayelekileko (ngaphandle kobanyana iimbotjhwa zepolotiki bezalelwa i- automatic one-third remission,ebe iphiwa abakati ,nababambi kunzi.
uMandela bekanokudla okutlhuwisako kunalokho ebekuphiwa amakhaladi namaNdiya la agade abotjhwe nawo. Kodwana boke njalo bebethola ukudla okuncani khulu nakumadaniswa nalokho ebekutholwa makhuwa ebekabotjhwelwe umlando we-Rivonia Trail, kodwana babotjhwe ejele Lange Pitori.
I- Daily Mail iveza indaba
I- The Rand Daily Mail, yakgelebha ukwenza bhedere isimo sepilo kaMandela nezinye iimbotjhwa ezinzima ngombana bakhuluma ngobujamo iimbotjhwezi ebeziphila ngaphasi kwazo ngonyaka ka 1965.
Urhulumende waphika iqiniso lendaba eyayigadangisiweko leyo waqeda iminyaka elandelako emine agweba osazise indaba leyo kwathi ekugcineni yagweba i-editha yethu, nami, nombikindaba kodwana ngaskhathi sinye, yasitjhugulula isimo semajeleso.
Ekwakgelebha uMandela nezinye iimbotjhwa ngombana ubusikobo banikelwa amanyathelo, namakawosi kunamaqhaphaqhapha (ezinye iimbotjhwa bezinganawo namanyathelo bezikhamba ngenyawo phasi) babanikela amabhurugu amade, kunamadzeredzere ebekambathwa botsotsi, begodu bathola namajeresi.
Izimo ezibudisi egade bahlala ngaphasi kwazo zenziwa bhedere begodu nokutlhoriswa bonogada kwaphela, umuntu ebekatlhoriswa khulu bekunguMandela.
Translated by Busisiwe Skhosana
Nabaye ku-summit ye-Tunis OAU ngoMgwengweni ka-1994 lapha umbikindaba atlhadlhula uMandela njengoMongameli onjengephimbo “eliziphethe kuh...